Our Projects

Abstract: This retrospective study assessed the diagnostic performance of ultrasonography in detecting hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) among 160 infants presenting with non-bilious vomiting. With surgical outcomes and clinical follow-up serving as reference standards, ultrasound demonstrated a sensitivity of 88% and specificity of 80%. Pyloric muscle thickness was the most reliable sonographic parameter, with a ≥3.0 mm threshold significantly associated with true HPS cases (p=0.03). ROC curve analysis affirmed its high diagnostic utility, yielding an AUC of 0.94. While most cases correlated well between sonographic and surgical findings, diagnostic discordance—often due to pylorospasm or technical limitations—highlighted the importance of standardized imaging protocols. These findings support ultrasound as a valuable,non-invasive diagnostic modality in pediatric care and emphasize the need for operator expertise and consistent measurement techniques to optimize clinical outcomes.

This cross-sectional observational study evaluated 166 adult patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) to assess the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction (TD) and its association with diabetic complications. The study found that 24.69% of the cohort had TD, with hypothyroidism—both overt (13.25%) and subclinical (10.24%)—being the most prevalent, and hyperthyroidism observed in only 1.2% of cases. Thyroid dysfunction was notably more common in females and significantly associated with obesity (p=0.0006), poor glycemic control (HbA1c >7%; p=0.009), dyslipidemia (p=0.01), albuminuria (p=0.02), and diabetic retinopathy (p=0.01). Patients with TD also had higher HbA1c levels compared to their euthyroid counterparts, indicating worsened glycemic control. Although neuropathy and hypertension were more frequent in the TD group, their associations were not statistically significant. 

This prospective observational study evaluated the prognostic role of NT-proBNP levels in 100 patients under 60 years of age diagnosed with Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS), including STEMI, NSTEMI, and unstable angina. NT-proBNP, a biomarker reflecting myocardial wall stress, was measured within 2–24 hours of symptom onset and stratified into three groups: <100 pg/mL, 100–500 pg/mL, and >500 pg/mL. Clinical outcomes over six months—such as recurrent chest pain, dyspnea, palpitations, rehospitalizations, left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, myocardial infarction, and all-cause mortality—were recorded. Elevated NT-proBNP levels were significantly associated with adverse events: patients with >500 pg/mL exhibited the highest incidence of LV dysfunction (72%), recurrent MI (60%), and mortality (28%), while no deaths occurred in those with levels <100 pg/mL. NT-proBNP levels above 100 pg/mL were strong predictors of recurrent ischemia and compromised cardiac function.

This retrospective study assessed 244 living donor kidney transplants to examine how the donor kidney volume-to-recipient body surface area (Vol/BSA) ratio influences graft outcomes. Donor kidney volume was measured using preoperative CT scans, while recipient BSA was calculated via the Mosteller formula. The Vol/BSA ratio was found to be an independent predictor of 12-month estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), alongside recipient age and sex. Recipients in the highest Vol/BSA tertile had significantly better graft function (mean eGFR 75.95 mL/min/1.73 m²) compared to those in lower tertiles. Despite no significant difference in complication rates such as rejection or delayed graft function, the study supports the concept of “nephron dosing,” suggesting that larger donor kidneys relative to recipient size improve metabolic balance and reduce hyperfiltration risk. 

This prospective study evaluated postoperative pain in 97 patients undergoing Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery (RIRS) for kidney stones, with the goal of identifying factors predictive of severe pain. Pain intensity was assessed at 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), categorizing patients into mild (VAS <7) and severe (VAS ≥7) pain groups. While no significant associations were found between demographic or stone-related factors (age, gender, stone size, location, density) and pain severity, two technical factors stood out. The use of smaller-diameter ureteral access sheaths (p=0.027) and sheath indwelling times exceeding 60 minutes (p=0.043) were significantly associated with higher postoperative pain levels. These findings suggest that minimizing intraoperative ureteral manipulation and optimizing sheath parameters can help reduce postoperative discomfort.

This retrospective study analyzed 105 gunshot injury cases admitted to a tertiary care hospital to identify demographic patterns, clinical characteristics, and outcomes. Young adult males (90.5%) were disproportionately affected, with most injuries occurring at night (73.3%) and nearly equal rural–urban distribution. Lower limb wounds were most common (62.9%), and 78.1% of patients had exit wounds. The leading contexts were police-related shootings (52.4%) and homicides (45.7%), while suicides were rare (1.9%). Surgical intervention was necessary in only 6.7% of cases, likely due to the predominance of peripheral injuries or rapid fatality from severe trauma. Despite a high overall survival rate (91.4%), fatalities were primarily associated with head and abdominal wounds. 

This prospective study compared low-dose mifepristone (5 mg/day) and the levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) in 74 premenopausal women with symptomatic adenomyosis over six months. Both treatments led to significant reductions in uterine volume, menstrual blood loss, and dysmenorrhea, with no statistically significant difference between groups at the study's conclusion. While LNG-IUS showed a faster initial reduction in bleeding, both therapies achieved similar improvements in hemoglobin levels and quality of life. Adverse effects were mild in both arms, with only one case of device expulsion. These findings suggest that both low-dose mifepristone and LNG-IUS are safe, effective, and conservative options for adenomyosis management.

This cross-sectional study examined 400 women aged 45–60 to assess the association between vasomotor symptoms (VMS)—such as hot flashes and night sweats—and cardiovascular risk in perimenopausal and postmenopausal stages. Moderate to severe VMS were significantly linked with higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, increased LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, and elevated fasting glucose levels. These associations remained even after adjusting for age, smoking, and BMI. Notably, frequent night sweats were associated with a greater risk of metabolic syndrome. Perimenopausal women with severe VMS showed more pronounced cardiovascular changes than postmenopausal women. However, women who exercised regularly demonstrated lower risk profiles despite similar VMS severity. The findings suggest that VMS are not just quality-of-life concerns.

This retrospective study highlights the role of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in evaluating cholesteatoma and its complications. Seven patients (mean age: 30.4 years) with suspected cholesteatoma underwent HRCT of the temporal bone. All cases demonstrated characteristic findings such as ossicular chain erosion (100%), scutum erosion (86%), and involvement of the facial nerve canal (43%). One case involved an external auditory canal cholesteatoma—an uncommon presentation. HRCT proved crucial in identifying disease extent, detecting complications like labyrinthine destruction and facial nerve canal dehiscence, and aiding surgical planning. The radiological findings strongly correlated with intraoperative and histopathological observations.

This six-year study at Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology evaluated the prognostic value of the 2023 WHO grading system for epithelioid mesothelioma. Among 27 cases of mesothelioma, 21 were epithelioid and graded using nuclear atypia, mitotic count, and necrosis criteria. Most tumors (90.5%) were low grade, while two were high grade. High-grade tumors showed significantly poorer survival, supporting the new grading framework’s prognostic accuracy. The pleura was the most frequent site, and the mean patient age was 52 years. Histopathological grading correlated well with patient outcomes, reinforcing the clinical relevance of this refined classification. The study emphasizes the importance of standardized grading for better risk stratification and personalized treatment. Implementation of WHO 2023 guidelines in pathology practice can enhance prognostication and inform therapeutic decisions for this aggressive malignancy.

This clinical study evaluated the performance of three artificial teeth materials—acrylic resin, modified composite resin, and porcelain—in 60 edentulous patients over six months. Patients were randomly assigned into three equal groups and received standardized complete dentures. Follow-up assessments at 1, 3, and 6 months examined occlusal wear, retention, and patient satisfaction. Results showed acrylic resin teeth had the highest wear but were rated best for comfort and phonetics. Porcelain teeth exhibited the least wear and highest esthetic scores but required more occlusal adjustments due to brittleness. Modified composite resin teeth performed intermediately in wear resistance and offered balanced comfort and esthetics. While all materials were clinically acceptable, statistically significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in wear rates and select satisfaction parameters. The study concludes that material selection should be personalized, balancing functional durability, esthetics, and patient preference to optimize denture outcomes.

This randomized controlled trial assessed the long-term efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) therapy in managing chronic knee joint pain. A total of 1,000 patients aged 40–80 with osteoarthritis were enrolled and randomized into PRP and placebo (saline) groups. Treatments were administered at baseline, one, and two months, with follow-up extending to five years. PRP-treated patients demonstrated significant and sustained improvements in pain and function, as measured by VAS and WOMAC scores, compared to placebo. Although minor adverse effects such as injection site pain and swelling were more common in the PRP group, they were manageable and transient. This large-scale study affirms PRP’s long-term benefits and supports its incorporation into clinical protocols for non-surgical knee pain management. PRP therapy emerges as a safe, effective, and durable option that can enhance joint function and quality of life in patients with degenerative knee conditions.

This cross-sectional study assessed gender-related awareness, hygiene practices, and emotional well-being among 1,024 adolescent girls in five semi-urban schools in Western Maharashtra. Using questionnaires and anthropometric data, the study found that 43.7% were underweight, 74% used sanitary pads, but 37% lacked menstrual knowledge before menarche. While 69% knew the legal marriage age (18 years), 80% believed independence—financial or personal—was essential before marriage. Emotional stability was rated “medium” in 63.4% of participants. Mothers were the main source of menstruation-related information (80%). Despite decent awareness of menstrual hygiene and legal norms, gaps persist in nutrition, pre-menarche education, and emotional health. The study recommends reinforcing school-based health education, improving sanitary pad access, and embedding mental health and gender-sensitization initiatives into curricula to advance gender equity.

This in vitro study evaluated the effectiveness of digital impression techniques compared to conventional methods in minimizing marginal discrepancies in dental restorations. Fifty extracted premolars were prepared and divided into four groups: one using traditional polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) impressions and three using different intraoral digital scanners. Zirconia crowns were fabricated for all samples, and marginal gaps were measured using stereomicroscopy. Results showed significantly lower mean marginal discrepancies in all digital groups compared to the conventional group, with Scanner 1 achieving the smallest average gap. Although minor numerical differences existed among the digital scanners, they were not statistically significant. Additionally, digital techniques demonstrated reduced cement thickness and potential for better clinical fit. The findings suggest that digital impressions offer superior marginal accuracy and may reduce complications.

This 10-year retrospective study evaluated outcomes of 200 shoulder arthroplasty patients treated at a tertiary center, comparing anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). Patients had indications including osteoarthritis (47%), rotator cuff arthropathy (35%), and complex fractures (18%), with a mean age of 68 years and 60% being female. Functional outcomes improved significantly: Constant-Murley scores rose from 35 to 74, and ASES scores from 35 to 76 (p < 0.001). Anatomic TSA demonstrated slightly better postoperative function, particularly in external rotation, whereas RTSA was more effective in patients with compromised rotator cuffs. The overall complication rate was 8%, with prosthetic loosening (3%) and periprosthetic fractures (2%) being most common, primarily in older or comorbid patients. Radiographic assessments confirmed good implant positioning with occasional scapular notching in RTSA cases. These findings affirm both TSA and RTSA as effective procedures.

This double-blinded randomized controlled trial compared the efficacy of carbetocin and oxytocin in preventing postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) among 106 low-risk primigravida delivering vaginally. Participants were randomized to receive either 10 IU oxytocin or 100 mcg carbetocin intramuscularly after the delivery of the posterior shoulder. Primary outcomes included blood loss and hemoglobin change; secondary outcomes assessed the need for additional uterotonics, transfusions, and adverse effects. Results showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups in estimated blood loss, hemoglobin drop, or rates of PPH. Although fewer participants in the carbetocin group required extra interventions, the difference was not significant. Both drugs were well tolerated, with no major side effects reported. Given its comparable efficacy, heat stability, and single-dose regimen, carbetocin presents a practical alternative to oxytocin—particularly in low-resource settings lacking cold-chain infrastructure. 

This prospective study evaluated 39 patients with intracranial space-occupying lesions (ICSOL) using MRI and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) at a tertiary care center to enhance diagnostic accuracy. While MRI provided anatomical localization, MRS delivered metabolic profiles that helped differentiate between neoplastic and infectious lesions. Among 30 patients with valid spectroscopic data, gliomas were most common (56%), followed by metastases and infections. High-grade gliomas displayed elevated choline-to-creatine (Cho/Cr) and choline-to-N-acetyl aspartate (Cho/NAA) ratios with lactate–lipid peaks, while meningiomas featured alanine peaks, and abscesses showed amino-acid signals. Combined MRI+MRS yielded a diagnostic accuracy of 83.3%, outperforming MRI alone (71%). MRS helped delineate tumor grades, distinguish infections from necrotic tumors, and informed biopsy planning. Although nine patients could not undergo MRS due to technical limitations

This randomized, single-blinded controlled trial compared the effectiveness of preoperative lignocaine lozenges and ginger lollipops in reducing postoperative sore throat (POST) in 100 adult patients undergoing short elective surgeries under general anesthesia. Participants received either lignocaine lozenges or ginger lollipops one hour before intubation, and the incidence and severity of POST were assessed at 0, 2, 4, and 6 hours postoperatively using a numerical rating scale. At 4 hours—the primary endpoint—the lignocaine group showed significantly lower rates of moderate to severe POST compared to the ginger group (p<0.05). Similar trends were seen at 2 and 6 hours, though the difference was not statistically significant at 0 hours. Patients in the lignocaine group also reported higher satisfaction. Both interventions were well tolerated with no adverse effects. These findings support incorporating lignocaine lozenges into preoperative

This retrospective study assessed the safety profile of off-label nebulized or topical tranexamic acid (TXA) in 100 adults with hemoptysis of varying etiology. Most patients (70%) received TXA via nebulization, and the remainder through topical endobronchial application. Post-tubercular sequelae and active tuberculosis were the leading causes of hemoptysis. Within 72 hours of administration, 85% experienced bleeding control. Mild adverse events were recorded in 10% of patients—primarily transient palpitations (8%) and nasal heaviness (2%). No moderate or severe complications were observed, and no patients required hospitalization for TXA-related issues. The findings suggest that nebulized or topical TXA is generally safe, with a low incidence of mild, self-limiting side effects. However, the study acknowledges limitations such as its retrospective design, absence of objective bleeding metrics, and lack of a control group.

This cross-sectional study conducted in North India evaluated 96 clinically diagnosed cases of puerperal sepsis, investigating microbial causes and antibiotic resistance using both traditional microbiology and MALDI-TOF MS. The majority of infections were caused by gram-negative organisms, notably Escherichia coli (43.5%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (29%). MALDI-TOF MS improved the specificity of pathogen identification, especially for less common bacteria. High rates of antibiotic resistance were noted, including resistance to penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems, with MRSA also identified among gram-positive isolates. Significant risk factors included anemia (OR = 6.02), prolonged labor, prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM), and multiple vaginal examinations. The study underscores the urgent need for rapid pathogen detection, targeted antibiotic therapy, improved antenatal care, and stringent infection control to mitigate maternal morbidity. 

This retrospective–prospective study assessed the utility of intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence angiography in evaluating pancreatic stump perfusion during pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and its effect on reducing postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF). Among 100 patients (50 in each group), those evaluated with ICG showed a lower, though not statistically significant, incidence of clinically relevant POPF (12%) compared to controls assessed by white light alone (26%, p=0.074). Intraoperative Doppler ultrasound consistently confirmed adequate blood flow even in ICG-defined hypoperfused stumps, and no stump revisions were performed. Multivariate analysis identified small pancreatic duct diameter and elevated drain amylase on postoperative day 3 as independent POPF predictors, while ICG findings were not significant. Although ICG imaging allowed real-time perfusion assessment, it did not independently correlate with reduced fistula rates. The findings suggest that POPF risk is multifactorial

This observational study evaluated the accuracy of ultrasound-based estimated fetal weight (EFW) in term pregnancies with Small for Gestational Age (SGA) versus Appropriate for Gestational Age (AGA) fetuses at SMS Medical College, Jaipur. Among 100 participants (50 in each group), ultrasound measurements taken within seven days before delivery were compared to actual birth weights. While ultrasound tended to overestimate weight in both groups, SGA fetuses were more often underestimated, and AGA fetuses overestimated. The AGA group had significantly higher mean absolute and relative errors than the SGA group, though overall deviations remained within clinically acceptable limits. These findings highlight ultrasound’s continued reliability for fetal weight assessment near term, with minor caution warranted in interpreting estimates for SGA and AGA extremes. Understanding these patterns helps optimize perinatal decision-making, particularly when managing suspected intrauterine growth restriction, and reinforces ultrasound’s role as a cornerstone.

This retrospective study evaluated the prognostic utility of Albumin-Bilirubin (ALBI) and Platelet-Albumin-Bilirubin (PALBI) grades, compared with the traditional Child-Pugh classification, in 74 patients undergoing hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA) at a tertiary center in Kerala, India. ALBI Grade 3 was consistently linked to poorer overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in both cancer types and remained an independent predictor even in multivariate models. While Child-Pugh Class B and PALBI Grade A3 showed some prognostic association, their significance diminished after adjusting for ALBI. These findings suggest ALBI is a more objective and reliable marker of hepatic reserve than traditional methods. Its simplicity and strong prognostic accuracy support its routine use for preoperative risk stratification in hepatic malignancies. Incorporating ALBI grading could enhance surgical planning, guide patient counseling.

This retrospective observational study assessed the value of routine intraoperative biopsy in patients with spontaneous gastric perforation peritonitis (GPP). Among 74 patients undergoing surgery between 2021 and 2024, all intraoperative biopsies revealed benign inflammatory findings, with no malignancies detected. In 81% of patients who underwent postoperative endoscopy, benign pathology was again confirmed. Gastric mucosa was clearly identified in 89.2% of biopsy samples, while 10.8% showed ambiguous or duodenal mucosa. Despite historical concern over missing gastric cancers, this study found no malignancies and highlights the low diagnostic yield of routine biopsies. Given modern access to safe and effective endoscopic evaluation, the authors argue that routine intraoperative biopsy may no longer be necessary. Instead, selective biopsy guided by clinical suspicion and postoperative endoscopy may optimize care while avoiding unnecessary procedures. 

This study explored the link between sleep quality and psychological health among 220 Phase II MBBS students at Rohilkhand Medical College, Bareilly. Using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-42), researchers found that 56.8% of students had poor sleep quality (PSQI ≥5). Among these, a significant number also reported moderate-to-severe levels of depression (49.1%), anxiety (44.7%), and stress (35.6%). Statistical analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between poor sleep and increased psychological distress. The findings highlight how academic pressures and irregular schedules common in medical training contribute to sleep disruption, which in turn is closely tied to emotional instability. The study emphasizes the need for structured interventions like sleep hygiene education, mental health counseling, and stress management programs. Promoting healthy sleep habits could help alleviate psychological strain and support better academic and clinical performance among future healthcare professionals.

This prospective observational study assessed electrolyte disturbances in 100 term neonates with perinatal asphyxia, stratified by Sarnat and Sarnat stages of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Electrolytes—including sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium—were measured on Days 1, 3, and 7 post-birth. Findings revealed that hyponatremia and hypocalcemia were significantly more common in moderate and severe HIE cases, affecting up to 60% and 72% respectively. Hyperkalemia was also notable, especially in Stage III HIE. These imbalances correlated with higher rates of seizures, need for mechanical ventilation, and increased early neonatal mortality. While magnesium levels fluctuated, hypomagnesemia was less prominent. Early correction of these abnormalities supported better clinical stability by the first week. The study underscores the importance of routine electrolyte monitoring and timely intervention to improve outcomes in neonates suffering from perinatal asphyxia. Larger, multicentric studies with long-term follow-up are recommended to further validate these findings and guide clinical protocols.

This study investigates how behavioral finance influences investor decisions in the context of Initial Public Offerings (IPOs). Using a mixed-methods approach, it surveyed 400 investors to assess the impact of biases such as overconfidence, herd mentality, anchoring, and regret aversion on IPO investment behavior and performance. Results showed that overconfidence and herd behavior were dominant, especially among retail investors, often leading to impulsive or poorly researched investments. Anchoring on pre-IPO valuations further skewed decision-making, while regret aversion played a lesser role. Regression analysis confirmed that these biases significantly affected short-term outcomes, with high-bias investors experiencing more volatile long-term returns. Qualitative insights echoed these trends, citing social influence and media hype as key triggers. The study concludes that awareness and mitigation of these biases—through investor education and regulatory transparency—can enhance investment discipline.

This prospective study evaluated the effectiveness of vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) therapy compared to conventional moist saline dressing in managing diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) of Wagner grade 2 or 3. Conducted on 52 patients at Sharda Hospital, Greater Noida, participants were randomized into two groups. Group A received VAC therapy using an indigenously assembled device, while Group B received standard saline dressings. VAC significantly outperformed conventional treatment in terms of ulcer size and depth reduction, granulation tissue formation, and shorter hospital stays. It also led to fewer secondary interventions such as amputations or grafting. Notably, the indigenous VAC system was cost-effective, reducing expenses compared to repeated saline dressings. Healing was slower in patients with poor glycemic control (HbA1C >10) and more advanced ulcers (Wagner grade 3). Overall, VAC therapy proved to be a safe, efficient, and economically viable option for DFU management, especially in resource-limited settings.

This prospective observational study evaluated the functional outcomes of proximal tibial fractures treated using a column-specific fixation strategy based on the three-column model (medial, lateral, and posterolateral). Conducted at a tertiary care center, 23 patients aged 18–70 years with closed fractures underwent CT-guided classification and surgical fixation tailored to the involved columns. Functional progress was monitored using the Modified Rasmussen Score and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain. At six months, nearly 96% of patients achieved “Good” or “Excellent” outcomes, with significant reductions in pain. Complication rates were low, including minor occurrences of knee stiffness, DVT, infection, and foot drop. The tailored fixation method resulted in satisfactory union and functional recovery, particularly in complex, multi-column injuries. The study supports the utility of the three-column framework in achieving biomechanically stable repairs and effective rehabilitation, emphasizing the value of individualized surgical planning based on detailed imaging. 

This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence and predictors of hypocalcemia in 100 under-five children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) admitted to a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh. Hypocalcemia, defined as serum calcium <2.12 mmol/L, was found in 49% of participants. While anthropometric measures such as mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), weight-for-age (WAZ), and length-for-age (LAZ) did not significantly differ between hypocalcemic and non-hypocalcemic groups, weight-for-height Z-scores (WHZ) were notably lower in the hypocalcemic group. Significant biochemical associations included lower serum phosphate on day 5, reduced vitamin D levels, higher chloride levels, and lower alkaline phosphatase levels in hypocalcemic children. Vitamin D deficiency emerged as a strong predictor of hypocalcemia. The study highlights the importance of routine calcium and vitamin D screening in SAM management, as anthropometric measures alone may not detect biochemical abnormalities.

This randomized controlled study compared the efficacy and safety of a 200 mg transdermal diclofenac patch with intravenous paracetamol (1000 mg) for postoperative pain management in 112 patients undergoing laparoscopic appendicectomy. Both groups were demographically similar, and no significant differences were observed in operative duration or complication rates. Pain scores (VAS) were comparable at 6 and 24 hours, but the control group had better analgesia at 12 hours, while the transdermal group showed superior relief at 18 hours. The need for rescue analgesia mirrored these trends. Overall, transdermal diclofenac provided sustained pain control with a favorable safety profile, positioning it as a viable alternative or adjunct to conventional analgesia in enhancing postoperative recovery and minimizing systemic side effects.

This study compares the diagnostic performance of Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in evaluating acute stroke among 30 patients in a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata. The research highlights MRI’s superior sensitivity (100%) in detecting acute and lacunar infarcts, compared to CT’s sensitivity of 88.8% and specificity of 79.5%. While CT remains the preferred first-line modality for rapid exclusion of hemorrhage due to its speed and accessibility, MRI offers greater accuracy in detecting early ischemic changes and smaller lesions. The study also explores correlations between imaging findings, clinical variables (age, sex, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, atrial fibrillation), stroke severity (NIHSS scores), and outcomes. Thrombolysis was administered in 70% of cases and was associated with improved clinical outcomes, though all deteriorations and deaths occurred in this subgroup, emphasizing the need for precise imaging-based selection. 

This study introduces two novel stimuli-responsive hydrogels—HG1 (thermoresponsive) and HG2 (pH-responsive)—engineered to enhance modern wound care by adapting to local physiological changes. Developed through strategic polymerization and crosslinking, these hydrogels demonstrated desirable physicochemical properties validated by FTIR, SEM, and XRD analyses. HG1 exhibited superior swelling capacity (~1700%) and elasticity, making it ideal for wounds with high exudate and localized inflammation, while HG2 showed greater mechanical strength, moderate swelling (~1100%), and controlled drug release in response to pH changes—characteristic of infected or chronic wounds. Both hydrogels displayed significant antimicrobial efficacy against key pathogens and maintained high cytocompatibility, with cell viability exceeding 89%, indicating their safety for prolonged clinical use. Their drug release profiles differed appropriately: HG1 favored rapid release under elevated temperatures, whereas HG2 allowed for sustained.

This study presents the development and evaluation of two advanced, stimuli-responsive hydrogels—one thermoresponsive (HG1) and the other pH-responsive (HG2)—designed to meet the complex demands of modern wound care. HG1 responds to elevated temperatures typically found in inflamed tissues, while HG2 reacts to pH variations commonly seen in infected or chronic wounds. Both hydrogels demonstrated excellent swelling behavior, mechanical stability, and biocompatibility, as confirmed by detailed FTIR, SEM, and XRD analyses. HG1 showed high fluid uptake and elasticity, making it suitable for highly exudative and mobile wound sites, whereas HG2 offered greater mechanical strength and sustained drug release, ideal for stable or infection-prone wounds. Importantly, both hydrogels exhibited significant antimicrobial activity and low cytotoxicity, maintaining over 89% cell viability. Their distinct drug release profiles—rapid in HG1 and controlled in HG2—enable clinicians to tailor wound therapy according to the wound environment. 

This comparative study assessed the effectiveness of a two-step Betadine scrub (the day before surgery) followed by paint on the operative day versus the conventional paint-and-drape method in preoperative skin preparation for elective open hernia and cholecystectomy surgeries. Among 90 patients, key outcomes such as surgical site infection (SSI) rates, hospital stay duration, wound complications, and patient satisfaction were analyzed. The Betadine scrub plus paint group showed significantly lower SSI rates (2.5% vs. 16%), reduced pus discharge, and shorter hospital stays, highlighting its superior infection control. Although the conventional method was initially perceived as more cost-effective, the Betadine group ultimately offered greater value through improved clinical outcomes. Patient satisfaction was also significantly higher in the Betadine group, with no notable increase in skin irritation. 

This comparative observational study evaluated the association of vitamin D and serum calcium levels with uterine fibroids in reproductive-age women at SNMC, Agra. A total of 160 women (80 with fibroids, 80 controls) were assessed using clinical, ultrasonographic, and biochemical parameters. Results showed significantly lower mean vitamin D (18.02 ng/mL) and serum calcium levels (9.03 mg/dL) in the fibroid group compared to controls (22.19 ng/mL and 9.60 mg/dL respectively). Irregular menstrual cycles, dysmenorrhea, and fewer live births were more prevalent among fibroid patients. No significant differences were observed in BMI, smoking, or alcohol intake. Despite frequent intake of vitamin D-rich foods and sunlight exposure, deficiencies persisted in the fibroid group. The findings suggest that hypovitaminosis D and lower calcium levels may contribute to fibroid development. Screening and supplementation 

This prospective case-control study compares reticulocyte parameters between neonates of gestational diabetic mothers (GDM) and those born to healthy mothers. Conducted at KIMS, Bhubaneswar, from 2023–2025, the research evaluates hematologic changes due to fetal exposure to maternal hyperglycemia. Results show neonates of GDM mothers exhibit significantly elevated hemoglobin, RBC count, PCV, RDW, absolute reticulocyte count, and immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF), indicating heightened erythropoiesis, likely due to chronic intrauterine hypoxia. Despite this, reticulocyte hemoglobin (RET-He) levels remain stable, suggesting preserved hemoglobinization. Platelet and WBC indices also reveal variations, including increased neutrophils and altered platelet metrics, hinting at stress or inflammation. These hematologic shifts underline the potential for neonatal polycythemia, subclinical inflammation, and risk of iron deficiency.

This prospective case-control study, conducted at KIMS, Bhubaneswar from 2023 to 2025, compared hematological and reticulocyte parameters between neonates born to gestational diabetic mothers (n = 100) and those from uncomplicated pregnancies (n = 200). The research aimed to assess erythropoietic stress and potential early indicators of iron deficiency using advanced reticulocyte indices such as absolute reticulocyte count (ARC), immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF), and reticulocyte hemoglobin content (RET-He), all analyzed via automated hematology analyzers. Findings revealed that neonates of GDM mothers had significantly higher hemoglobin levels, RBC counts, hematocrit (PCV), and elevated ARC and IRF values, suggesting enhanced erythropoiesis likely triggered by intrauterine hypoxia and fetal hyperinsulinemia. Despite these increases, RET-He values were similar between groups, indicating that the quality of hemoglobin synthesis in newly formed red cells remained intact, suggesting adequate iron availability.

This prospective case-control study, conducted at KIMS, Bhubaneswar from 2023 to 2025, compared hematological and reticulocyte parameters between neonates born to gestational diabetic mothers (n = 100) and those from uncomplicated pregnancies (n = 200). The research aimed to assess erythropoietic stress and potential early indicators of iron deficiency using advanced reticulocyte indices such as absolute reticulocyte count (ARC), immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF), and reticulocyte hemoglobin content (RET-He), all analyzed via automated hematology analyzers. Findings revealed that neonates of GDM mothers had significantly higher hemoglobin levels, RBC counts, hematocrit (PCV), and elevated ARC and IRF values, suggesting enhanced erythropoiesis likely triggered by intrauterine hypoxia and fetal hyperinsulinemia. Despite these increases, RET-He values were similar between groups, indicating that the quality of hemoglobin synthesis in newly formed red cells remained intact, suggesting adequate iron availability. Additionally, subtle yet significant alterations in platele

This prospective case-control study, conducted at KIMS, Bhubaneswar from 2023 to 2025, compared hematological and reticulocyte parameters between neonates born to gestational diabetic mothers (n = 100) and those from uncomplicated pregnancies (n = 200). The research aimed to assess erythropoietic stress and potential early indicators of iron deficiency using advanced reticulocyte indices such as absolute reticulocyte count (ARC), immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF), and reticulocyte hemoglobin content (RET-He), all analyzed via automated hematology analyzers. Findings revealed that neonates of GDM mothers had significantly higher hemoglobin levels, RBC counts, hematocrit (PCV), and elevated ARC and IRF values, suggesting enhanced erythropoiesis likely triggered by intrauterine hypoxia and fetal hyperinsulinemia. Despite these increases, RET-He values were similar between groups, indicating that the quality of hemoglobin synthesis in newly formed red cells remained intact, suggesting adequate iron availability. 

This one-year, hospital-based comparative study investigated the effectiveness of intra-articular autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) versus corticosteroid (CS) injections in managing knee osteoarthritis (OA). Fifty patients with mild to moderate OA were evenly divided into two treatment groups and monitored using validated pain and function measures (VAS, WOMAC, KOOS) at 0, 3, and 6 months. The demographic distribution (age, sex, KL grade, and knee side) showed no significant association with the type of treatment administered, ensuring unbiased allocation. Results revealed that corticosteroids offered quicker symptom relief at the 3-month follow-up but waned significantly by 6 months, as indicated by rising VAS scores. In contrast, PRP showed a slower onset of action but demonstrated more sustained pain relief and functional improvement, especially evident at 6 months, with statistically significant changes in KOOS scores and trends favoring PRP in WOMAC. 

This double-blind randomized controlled trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of prophylactic tranexamic acid (TXA) in reducing perioperative blood loss during elective cesarean sections. A total of 76 ASA II parturients were divided into two groups: one receiving 1 g of intravenous TXA 10 minutes before skin incision, and the other receiving placebo. The primary outcome, mean hemoglobin-estimated blood loss (mHbEBL), was significantly lower in the TXA group (137.08 ± 216.56 mL) compared to the placebo group (517.79 ± 300.06 mL), with a p-value < 0.001. Hemoglobin drop at 48 hours postoperatively was also significantly less in the TXA group (mean 11.54 g/dL) than in controls (10.86 g/dL). No significant differences were noted between the groups in terms of vital signs, liver and renal function markers, or adverse effects, indicating that TXA did not compromise hemodynamic stability or organ function. These results demonstrate that pre-incision prophylactic TXA effectively minimizes blood loss without increasing perioperative risk.

This study evaluates the functional outcomes of column-specific fixation in proximal tibial fractures using a three-column classification system. Conducted prospectively on 23 patients, most of whom sustained high-energy injuries such as road traffic accidents, the study emphasizes the need for individualized surgical approaches targeting the medial, lateral, and posterior columns. Surgical fixation was planned based on CT imaging, and outcomes were assessed using the Modified Rasmussen Functional Score and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively. Results showed significant functional improvement over time, with a strong positive correlation between reduced pain and better functional outcomes. Most patients reached near-complete recovery by six months, and complications were minimal, with knee stiffness and infection being the most common. The study highlights that accurate preoperative imaging, targeted fixation strategies, and early rehabilitation.

This prospective observational study conducted at MOSC Medical College, Kolenchery, assessed the quality of life (QoL) in 83 children aged 4–12 years with clinically diagnosed epilepsy. Using the QOLCE-55 questionnaire, the study explored cognitive, emotional, social, and physical domains of well-being in relation to demographic factors, seizure type, treatment regimen, and clinical variables. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures were the most prevalent (66.3%), and a significant majority were on monotherapy (85.5%). Results revealed that monotherapy was associated with better cognitive, emotional, and social QoL, whereas polytherapy correlated with slightly better physical QoL. Females outperformed males in most domains, and older children showed better physical QoL. Family history and antenatal risk factors were present in a minority but highlighted potential genetic or prenatal influences. EEG abnormalities were universal among participants. Social QoL scored highest, while physical QoL was the lowest, indicating that while peer interactions were preserved, physical limitations persisted. 

This cross-sectional study evaluated PD-L1 expression in 50 cases of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) diagnosed at a tertiary care center between January 2023 and December 2024, aiming to explore its correlation with clinicopathological parameters. PD-L1 was assessed using immunohistochemistry and the Combined Positive Score (CPS), with 58% of cases testing PD-L1 positive (CPS ≥1). PD-L1 expression showed a significant association with higher tumor grade (Grade III), advanced tumor stage (T3/T4), perineural invasion, infiltrative tumor margins, lymph node involvement, distant metastasis, and elevated mitotic index—indicating that PD-L1 positivity aligns with more aggressive tumor biology. Interestingly, tumors with lower lymphocytic response were more likely to express PD-L1, suggesting immune evasion despite limited immune infiltration. No significant association was observed between PD-L1 expression and tumor size, lymphovascular invasion, or Ki-67 index. The findings reinforce the potential of PD-L1 as a biomarker for immunotherapy eligibility in TNBC

This cross-sectional study evaluated PD-L1 expression in 50 cases of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) diagnosed at a tertiary care center between January 2023 and December 2024, aiming to explore its correlation with clinicopathological parameters. PD-L1 was assessed using immunohistochemistry and the Combined Positive Score (CPS), with 58% of cases testing PD-L1 positive (CPS ≥1). PD-L1 expression showed a significant association with higher tumor grade (Grade III), advanced tumor stage (T3/T4), perineural invasion, infiltrative tumor margins, lymph node involvement, distant metastasis, and elevated mitotic index—indicating that PD-L1 positivity aligns with more aggressive tumor biology. Interestingly, tumors with lower lymphocytic response were more likely to express PD-L1, suggesting immune evasion despite limited immune infiltration. No significant association was observed between PD-L1 expression and tumor size, lymphovascular invasion, or Ki-67 index. The findings reinforce the potential of PD-L1 as a biomarker for immunotherapy eligibility in TNBC

This cross-sectional study evaluated PD-L1 expression in 50 cases of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) diagnosed at a tertiary care center between January 2023 and December 2024, aiming to explore its correlation with clinicopathological parameters. PD-L1 was assessed using immunohistochemistry and the Combined Positive Score (CPS), with 58% of cases testing PD-L1 positive (CPS ≥1). PD-L1 expression showed a significant association with higher tumor grade (Grade III), advanced tumor stage (T3/T4), perineural invasion, infiltrative tumor margins, lymph node involvement, distant metastasis, and elevated mitotic index—indicating that PD-L1 positivity aligns with more aggressive tumor biology. Interestingly, tumors with lower lymphocytic response were more likely to express PD-L1, suggesting immune evasion despite limited immune infiltration. No significant association was observed between PD-L1 expression and tumor size, lymphovascular invasion, or Ki-67 index. The findings reinforce the potential 

This meta-analysis synthesizes findings from 62 studies involving 4,857 individuals with schizophrenia and 3,211 controls to evaluate the roles of dopamine, glutamate, GABA, and serotonin in the disorder’s pathophysiology. Dopaminergic dysregulation, particularly elevated D2/3 receptor activity, showed the strongest effect size (0.91), reinforcing dopamine’s central role in positive symptoms like hallucinations. However, significant glutamatergic disruptions—especially reduced NMDA receptor function (effect size ~0.67)—support a broader model implicating excitatory neurotransmission in cognitive and negative symptoms. GABAergic abnormalities, including decreased GAD67 expression, revealed a moderate effect (0.59), suggesting impaired inhibition contributes to executive dysfunction. Serotonergic changes, particularly elevated 5-HT2A receptor binding, showed smaller but meaningful effects (~0.48), potentially influencing hallucinations and mood symptoms. The findings highlight schizophrenia as a multi-transmitter disorder rather than purely dopaminergic.

This meta-analysis examined the role of key neurotransmitters—dopamine, glutamate, GABA, and serotonin—in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, synthesizing data from 62 studies involving 4,857 patients and 3,211 controls. Findings confirmed dopamine’s central role, with significantly increased D2 receptor availability and dopamine release (effect size ~0.91). Glutamatergic dysfunction, especially reduced NMDA receptor activity, also showed strong associations (effect size ~0.67), suggesting a contribution to cognitive and negative symptoms. GABAergic deficits, marked by reduced GAD67 expression and GABA levels, had a moderate effect (~0.59), correlating with impaired inhibitory control. Serotonergic alterations, particularly elevated 5-HT2A receptor binding, demonstrated a modest but significant effect (~0.48), influencing psychotic and affective symptoms. While dopamine remains pivotal, the involvement of other neurotransmitter systems supports a multidimensional model of schizophrenia. 

This study presents the development and evaluation of two advanced, stimuli-responsive hydrogels—one thermoresponsive (HG1) and the other pH-responsive (HG2)—designed to meet the complex demands of modern wound care. HG1 responds to elevated temperatures typically found in inflamed tissues, while HG2 reacts to pH variations commonly seen in infected or chronic wounds. Both hydrogels demonstrated excellent swelling behavior, mechanical stability, and biocompatibility, as confirmed by detailed FTIR, SEM, and XRD analyses. HG1 showed high fluid uptake and elasticity, making it suitable for highly exudative and mobile wound sites, whereas HG2 offered greater mechanical strength and sustained drug release, ideal for stable or infection-prone wounds. Importantly, both hydrogels exhibited significant antimicrobial activity and low cytotoxicity, maintaining over 89% cell viability. Their distinct drug release profiles—rapid in HG1 and controlled in HG2—enable clinicians to tailor wound therapy according to the wound environment.